The existence Tribulations

The sense of "being? is a question that only leisure could create. You need a certain amount of time available to give shape to this abstraction, defined by scholars as 'cognitive'. In times when men had to spend most of their time trying to survive in an adverse nature, full of dangers for acute mortality is also the meaning of life is supplanted by that of subsistence. The progress of man is accompanied by brutality and mastery of the medium, also excessive. This advance was granted a period of time for reflection, and this led him to ask philosophical questions ontological (being) and who am I, what is my purpose in this world?, The origin and meaning of things, among thousands of other concerns. Before the Greeks, the Oriental advocate the denial of that being to achieve an improvement, but for something to be denied to exist, even in thought. The method is a clear example Zen, Buddhism attempts an improvement of the soul over the body also denying the material but uses a rather complex process of purification, in which fasting is an important part, and may lack the physical weakness of nutrients, leading to hallucinations.

Celtic tribes are known, African American and experimenting with drugs in search of answers to the meaning of existence. The responses are as varied as their rites but the animal origin of a rector is a constant, is the hallucination or intoxication induced an animal that is governing the experimenter. The Greeks were the first to raise the sense of existence as we know it. Our beliefs are affected by this logical, theoretical and pragmatic search. Our society despite the centuries that separate us is dominated by values ​​that are born at this time and in that culture. Aristotle, Socrates, Plato, to name the best known are those who take 'scientific' one way of answer to the meaning of life with the maieutics and logic. Previous philosophers rediscovered this way providing dissimilar views, but united by the same train of thought or form. (See the cave theory to understand the self) espouses Judeo-Christian culture of the intangible value of the Greek and inherits its forms, but going to rest on the existence of a supreme being all universal truths, namely "that we God has done? and also to avoid similar problems that we tell our Creator.

If we follow the line of religious thought, whatever their dogma reach a supreme being or beings who are the makers of existence. Free Will Christian, interventions of the Olympian gods, fate, destiny or our inner animal is the answer to something as complex as why man searches for meaning of existence and his erratic way of thinking and acting. But only in the twentieth century is where it coined the term "existentialism?, Along with other isms in an attempt to classify human knowledge, and especially in the literary field. Jean Paul Sartre is the visible face of this movement born in France and the product of centuries of encyclopedic, and a base as strong as realism and naturalism, seeking to describe, always from the literary, or grasp the reality of human beings made that conflicted with the sense that these works were 'created' therefore fictional and unrealistic. But the French realism was not the only attempt to consider the meaning of existence, as there are written in the past they arise.

We will leave aside the classical Greeks and Romans and their works that seek to heighten the sense of the hero, make a backup of the events as the Trojan War or the greatness of an empire, which are not exempt from the existence, since there didacticism ( teachings), describes the ways of acting of his characters, so it is a reflection of the thinking of the time, the way of being. Not dwell on this part of literary history is more complex because, in my opinion, not the hegemonic aim existential raised. The medium evo handled by the Curia, is not a time in which the human being was impelled to consider these arguments, the first oral literature to written bartering going very slowly. Those who possessed the cultural domain was the church and nobles, drove together with religion, fear and submission to God and the King. Except for a few disintegrating pagan Arab and northern Europe where it raided the fantastic, the writings speak of heroes, order, and Greek-style exaggerated feats at all coincide with reality and they had a lot of popular imagination.

Social conflict and crises that cause the onset of industrialization will create a positive sense of humanity which are amplified and literature goes commercial. Supplant the bourgeois nobles and clergy were amended to be next to the powerful, the political class will emerge directly from the bourgeoisie who are trained to lead the growing population. The urban masses must be educated to understand the value of money and the opinions of the labor contracts that were forms of slavery, the man slowly transforms into a number. The literature is going to become, as in earlier times and exorcised from social problems. Birth of the police and science fiction, one to solve the problem of crime and identifying criminals in a mass caused by the market, and the other to anticipate future problems of mankind. Publishing industry will create a daily driven, then the delivery and subsequent books by the diversification of interests. We are in the "social being?. The issue becomes more existential as he begins to look at himself, is the time of French realism, and the emergence of studies of the origin of language and narrative studies, shape, criticism ....

If man is regarded also as their product literature imitates it. Bourgeois interests conflict with each other and produces the First World War where the man goes back to the times of ancient brutality, but this time is an industrialized war. The world is militarized and there is a quest for answers to the commercial sense, the Russian Revolution is a reaction to the bourgeois, but it will be a people of nobility passing communist paternalism, will give the basis of the complexity of the relations of man and the state. The state becomes a superentity that dominates and controls all but the thought, the only way of human freedom. At this point there is the existentialist who is first author Don Miguel de Unamuno, which formed part of the generation of '98, Spanish born in Bilbao whose dominant feature is his intention to be universal and its contradictory bibliography of 57 books. In one of his books will say that "We are what we say acts?, Sastre will then apply and give a theoretical basis for this. Is not important whether or not Sartre knew Unamuno,-those who want to deepen this author is a brief but informative-that have reached the same subject by different paths make it more clear the idea that social movements are described by the writers.

As there is a common social route, despite the imaginary barriers of borders, the authors come to the same thoughts. Thematically, the individual is revealed to the state and mass, "to be? involves more than a mass and a number. He refuses to believe in easy answers, will deal with the "anything? which leads to death. Thus Unamuno wants to be immortal with his works, he knows that after there is no paradise. So, too, Sartre, in "The Nausea? will describe a world where everything is almost unbearable reason, where things "are? it animates the human being. This novel is because the principle of existentialism. Then the author will be devoted to theoretically substantiate the discovery that the human being is an individual, alone, more than a number, or a state immersed in a society that alienates them and makes you believe that part when in fact isolated. The consciousness of being is abominable, so the man has to seek hedonism (pleasure seeking), or deception. The character is not deceived, actually lives up to its highest degree in the mirror and see the true face of reality, having no way, this is actually a combination of things, the mirror image is more than reflected.

The man is more than the company says it is. "Man is man and his circumstances? Jean Paul responds. Sartre throughout his work will bring the vision of existence. If before the literature devoted to the heroes models, to exorcise demons, to describe a realistic society, is now going to look inwards to find an individual rebellion against an oppressive state and alienating. The Second World War is the continuation of war by the dominance of market capitalism faces but the power of the state seeks to strengthen further, this will cause the hegemonies that last until today. U.S., Germany, Japan, Russia, France, England still retain their states so strong and dominant over the rest of humanity. Sartre, aware of what happens, it becomes more extreme, more and more away from the human domain, leaving your body, social rewards, is allied to leftist extremists who want to destroy the state to create a new social setting, fairer and where the individual has a freedom that is denied by all order manipulations. The atomic bomb is an event far more than confirms the hegemonic state is willing to maintain their power.

Democracy is not real but figurative, not the people who govern, but their representatives who defend only the interests of the markets. Aware that lives and writes according to his premises. Fiction becomes a different area used in the literature and the realities faced unusual (intimate), or the journey is the discovery of his own existence. His personal life is consistent with his work. At death, millions of people went to his funeral and while it is considered the model of the intellectual, Sartre struggled from literature and from the action without giving respite to the false masks of intellectuals who defend the indefensible, or are positioned by the applause in places that do not share. N. A.: It must be understood that the processes of change does not have an exact chronology, succeed in an irregular manner, there are advances that will come and only at the height you can say you're against this or that time. He does not save the aforementioned literature to encourage the search for answers individually.